Heterocyclic compound and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

Provided are a heterocyclic compound and an electronic apparatus. The electronic apparatus includes: a substrate; an organic light-emitting device on the substrate; and a thin film encapsulation portion sealing the organic light-emitting device, the thin film encapsulation portion including an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizing mixture, and the UV stabilizing mixture including a UV absorbent and a radical scavenger.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/249,775, filed Jan. 16, 2019, which claims priority to and thebenefit of Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2018-0008951, filed on Jan.24, 2018 and 10-2018-0008952, filed on Jan. 24, 2018, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the entire content of each of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to a heterocyclic compound, an electronicapparatus including an organic light-emitting device, and a method ofmanufacturing the electronic apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

An electronic apparatus may include an organic light-emitting deviceincluding a hole injection electrode, an electron injection electrode,and an organic emission layer between the hole injection electrode andthe electron injection electrode. Organic light-emitting devices areself-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrastratios, short response times, and excellent characteristics in terms ofbrightness, driving voltage, and response speed, compared to otherdevices in the art. For example, an organic light-emitting displayapparatus, which is a type (or kind) of electronic apparatus includingan organic light-emitting device, is a self-emission apparatus in whichholes injected from a hole injection electrode and electrons injectedfrom an electron injection electrode recombine in an organic emissionlayer to produce excitons. These excitons transit (e.g., transition orrelax) from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generatinglight.

Since an organic light-emitting display apparatus which is aself-emission display apparatus does not require a separate lightsource, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be driven at alow voltage, may be configured to be lightweight and thin, and may haveexcellent characteristics in terms of viewing angles, contrast, andresponse time. Therefore, applications of such organic light-emittingdisplay apparatuses range from, but are not limited to, personalportable devices such as MP3 players and mobile phones to televisions(TVs).

Additionally, as outdoor use of information devices such as electronicapparatuses including organic light-emitting devices increases,electronic apparatuses including organic light-emitting devices areincreasingly being exposed to sunlight. In addition, there are manycases in which an operation involving irradiation of ultraviolet rays isrequired in a process of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device.Therefore, if the ultraviolet rays are freely transmitted to the insideof the organic light-emitting device, an emission layer or the likeincluding an organic material may be seriously damaged.

SUMMARY

During the manufacturing process of an electronic apparatus such as anorganic light-emitting display, when ultraviolet rays or the like areintroduced into the apparatus from the outside of the apparatus orpenetrate into the apparatus, an emission layer, an insulating film, orthe like, including an organic material may be seriously damaged.

Aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electronicapparatus capable of reducing the amount of ultraviolet rays transmittedinto an electronic apparatus. However, these aspects of embodiments areillustrative and the scope of the present disclosure is not limitedthereto.

Additional aspects of embodiments will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows and, in part, will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

An aspect of an embodiment provides an electronic apparatus including:

a substrate;

an organic light-emitting device on the substrate; and

a thin film encapsulation portion sealing the organic light-emittingdevice,

wherein the thin film encapsulation portion includes an ultraviolet (UV)stabilizing mixture, and

the UV stabilizing mixture includes a UV absorbent and a radicalscavenger.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides a heterocyclic compoundrepresented by Formula B1:

(A₁)_(m1)-L₁-(A₂)_(m2)  Formula B1

In Formula B1,

L₁ may be an (m1+m2)-valent C₂-C₂₀ organic group that links A₁ and A₂,

A₁ may be a UV-absorbing group,

A₂ may be a radical-scavenging group,

m1 may be an integer from 1 to 3, and

m2 may be an integer from 1 to 3.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides an electronic apparatusincluding: a substrate; an organic light-emitting device on thesubstrate; and a thin film encapsulation portion sealing the organiclight-emitting device, wherein the thin film encapsulation portionincludes the heterocyclic compound.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects of embodiments will become apparent and morereadily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. 1-2 are schematic cross-sectional views of organic light-emittingdisplay apparatuses as one example of electronic apparatuses, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing transmittances of thin film encapsulationportions of an electronic apparatus according to Example 1-1 and anelectronic apparatus according to Comparative Example 1-1, with respectto exposure time; and

FIG. 4 is a graph showing transmittances of thin film encapsulationportions of the electronic apparatus according to Example 2-1 andelectronic apparatuses according to Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2,with respect to exposure time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described more fully with referenceto exemplary embodiments. The disclosure may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as being limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the concept of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.Features of the present disclosure, and how to achieve them, will becomeapparent by reference to the embodiments that will be described hereinin more detail, together with the accompanying drawings. The subjectmatter of the present disclosure may, however, be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be limited to the exemplary embodiments.

Hereinafter, embodiments are described in more detail by referring tothe attached drawings, and in the drawings, like reference numeralsdenote like elements, and a redundant explanation thereof will not beprovided herein.

It will be understood that when a layer, film, region, or plate isreferred to as being “formed on,” another layer, film, region, or platecan be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, film, region,or plate. For example, intervening layers, films, regions, or plates maybe present. In addition, sizes of components in the drawings may beexaggerated for convenience of explanation. In other words, since sizesand thicknesses of components in the drawings may be arbitrarilyillustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Hereinafter, the terms “first,” “second,” etc. are used only for thepurpose of distinguishing one element from another.

In the following embodiments, x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limitedto three axes on the orthogonal coordinates system, and may be construedas a broader sense. For example, x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may beorthogonal to one another, but may indicate different directions thatare not orthogonal to one another.

An aspect of an embodiment provides an electronic apparatus including: asubstrate; an organic light-emitting device on the substrate; and a thinfilm encapsulation sealing the organic light-emitting device, whereinthe thin film encapsulation includes a UV stabilizing mixture, and theUV stabilizing mixture includes a UV absorbent and a radical scavenger.

For example, the electronic apparatus may include: a substrate; anorganic light-emitting device included within a pixel defining region onthe substrate; and a thin film encapsulation sealing the organiclight-emitting device, wherein the thin film encapsulation includes a UVstabilizing mixture.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides an electronic apparatusincluding: a substrate; an organic light-emitting device on thesubstrate; and a thin film encapsulation sealing the organiclight-emitting device, wherein the thin film encapsulation includes theheterocyclic compound.

For example, the electronic apparatus may include: a substrate; anorganic light-emitting device included in a pixel defining region on thesubstrate; and a thin film encapsulation sealing the organiclight-emitting device, wherein the thin film encapsulation includes theheterocyclic compound. The heterocyclic compound will be describedbelow.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus 10 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, the organic light-emitting display apparatus 10according to an embodiment includes a substrate 100, an organiclight-emitting device 200, and a thin film encapsulation 300.

The substrate 100 may be any one of various suitable substrates that areused in an organic light-emitting display apparatus in the related art,and may be an inorganic substrate or an organic substrate, each havinghigh mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surfacesmoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

For example, the substrate 100 may be an inorganic substrate made of atransparent glass material including SiO₂ as a main component, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the substrate 100 may be an organic substrateincluding an insulating organic material. The insulating organicmaterial may be selected from, for example, polyethersulphone (PES),polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene napthalate (PEN),polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS),polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC),and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

The organic light-emitting device 200 is disposed on the substrate 100.The organic light-emitting device 200 may include a first electrode, anintermediate layer including an emission layer, and a second electrode.

The first electrode may be formed by, for example, depositing orsputtering a material for a first electrode on the substrate. When thefirst electrode is an anode, the material for forming the firstelectrode may be selected from materials having a high work function tofacilitate hole injection.

The first electrode may be a reflective electrode. a semi-transmissiveelectrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode is atransmissive electrode, a material for forming a first electrode may beselected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide(SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combinations thereof, but embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or moreembodiments, when the first electrode is a semi-transmissive electrodeor a reflectable electrode, a material for forming a first electrode maybe selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combinations thereof, but embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The first electrode may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, butthe structure of the first electrode is not limited thereto.

An interlayer may be disposed on the first electrode, the interlayerincluding the emission layer.

The interlayer may further include a hole transport region between thefirst electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport regionbetween the emission layer and the second electrode, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A second electrode may be disposed on the interlayer. The secondelectrode 190 may be a cathode that is an electron injection electrode,and in this regard, a metal for forming the second electrode may be amaterial having a low work function, and such a material may be metal,alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof.

The second electrode may include at least one selected from lithium(Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium(Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver(Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto. The second electrode may be a transmissive electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The first electrode may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

The organic light-emitting device 200 includes a thin film encapsulation300.

The thin film encapsulation 300 may have a UV stabilizing mixture, andthe UV stabilizing mixture may include an UV absorber and a radicalscavenger.

In one embodiment, the UV absorber may include at least one UV absorbingcompound which is selected from:

a benzophenone-containing compound, a benzoquinone-containing compound,an anthraquinone-containing compound, a xanthone-containing compound, abenzotriazine-containing compound, a benzotriazinone-containingcompound, a benzotriazole-containing compound, a benzoate-containingcompound, a cyanoacrylate-containing compound, a triazine-containingcompound, an oxanilide-containing compound, a salicylate-containingcompound, and a pyrene-containing compound, each substituted with ahydroxyl group.

The benzophenone-containing compound may include, for example,2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone,2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octylbenzophenone,4-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-benzyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone,2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone,2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, or the like.

The benzoquinone-containing compound may include, for example2-hydroxybenzoquinone.

The anthraquinone-containing compound may include, for example,1-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1,5-hydroxyanthraquinone,1,8-hydroxyanthraquinone, or the like.

The benzotriazole-containing compound may include, for example,2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole,2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(3,5-di-t-acyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-t-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, or the like.

The benzoate-containing compound may include, for example, phenyl2-hydroxybenzoate,2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-3′,5′-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, or the like.

The triazine-containing compound may include, for example2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenol,2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-(hexyl)oxy-phenol,2-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,or the like.

The salicylate-containing compound may include, for example,phenylsalicylate, 4-t-butylphenylsalicylate, or the like.

In one embodiment, the UV absorbing compound may be represented by oneselected from Formulae A1-1 to A1-3:

In Formulae A1-1 to A1-3,

CY₁ and CY₂ may each independently be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, an anthracene group, a pyrene group, and aphenanthrene group,

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,−F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

R₁ and R₂ may optionally be linked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linking group,

Y₁ may be —O—, —S—, or —C(═O)—,

k1 may be an integer from 1 to 3,

one of Y₂ and Y₃ may be N, and the other may be a single bond, a doublebond, or —C(═O)—,

R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, and R₄₀ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

a10 may be an integer from 1 to 18,

a20 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

a30 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

a40 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

at least one of R₁₀(s) in the number of a10 may be a hydroxyl group,

at least one of R₂₀(s) in the number of a20 may be a hydroxyl group,

at least one of R₃₀(s) in the number of a30 may be a hydroxyl group,

at least substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —

Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁)and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independentlybe selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a terphenylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substitutedwith a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae A1-1 to A1-3,

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group,

wherein R₁ and R₂ may optionally be linked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linkinggroup, wherein —(Y₁)_(k1)— may be —O—, —S—, or —C(═O)—.

For example, R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂ o alkoxy group,

wherein R₁ and R₂ may be linked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linking group,wherein —(Y₁)_(k1)— may be —O—, —S—, or —C(═O)—.

In one embodiment, in Formulae A1-1 to A1-3,

R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, and R₄₀ may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

For example, R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, and R₄₀ may each independently be selectedfrom:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

In one embodiment, the UV absorbing compound may be represented by oneselected from Formulae A2-1 to A2-9:

In Formulae A2-1 to A2-9,

R₃, R₄, and R₁₁ to R₁₈ are the same as described in connection with R₁₀,

a16 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

b16 may be 1 or 2,

b17 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

c15 may be 1 or 2,

c16 may be 1, 2, or 3,

c17 may be 1 or 2,

R₂₁ to R₂₄ are the same as described in connection with R₂₀,

R₃₁ to R₃₅ are the same as described in connection with R₃₀,

R₄₁ to R₄₄ are the same as described in connection with R₄₀, and

at least one of R₁₁ to R₁₈, at least one of R₂₁ to R₂₄, and at least oneof R₃₁ to R₃₅ may be a hydroxyl group.

In one embodiment, at least one of R₁₁, R₁₅, and R₁₈ in Formulae A2-1 toA2-7 may be a hydroxyl group. For example, at least one of R₁₁ and R₁₈may be a hydroxyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto.

In one embodiment, R₂₁ in Formula A2-8 may be a hydroxyl group.

In one embodiment, at least one of R₃₁ and R₃₅ in Formula A2-9 may be ahydroxyl group.

In one embodiment, the UV-absorbing compound may be represented by oneselected from Formulae A3-1 to A3-9:

In Formulae A3-1 to A3-9,

R₁₃ to R₁₇ are the same as described in connection with R₁₀,

R₂₁ to R₂₃ are the same as described in connection with R₂₀, and

R₃₄ is the same as described in connection with R₃₀.

In one embodiment, the UV absorbent may include a first UV-absorbingcompound and a second UV-absorbing compound,

The first UV-absorbing compound and the second UV-absorbing compound mayeach independently be selected from a benzophenone-containing compound,a benzoquinone-containing compound, an anthraquinone-containingcompound, a xanthone-containing compound, a benzotriazine-containingcompound, a benzotriazinone-containing compound, abenzotriazole-containing compound, a benzoate-containing compound, acyanoacrylate-containing compound, a triazine-containing compound, anoxanilide-containing compound, a salicylate-containing compound, and apyrene-containing compound, each substituted with a hydroxyl group, and

a wavelength range of light absorbed by the first UV-absorbing compoundmay be different from a wavelength range of light absorbed by the secondUV-absorbing compound.

The UV absorbent may absorb ultraviolet rays and prevent the ultravioletrays from penetrating the organic light-emitting device 200 (or reducethe amount of ultraviolet rays that penetrate the organic light-emittingdevice 200). Therefore, the organic light-emitting display apparatus 10including the UV absorbent in the thin film encapsulation 300 mayprevent the emission layer, the insulating film, or the like, includingthe organic material, from being damaged by the ultraviolet rays (or mayreduce a likelihood or degree of such damage).

In one embodiment, the UV absorbent may absorb a wavelength of about 280nm to about 430 nm.

In one embodiment, the radical scavenger may include at least one of theradical-scavenging compound, and

the radical-scavenging compound may be selected from a phenol-containingcompound, a hindered amine-containing compound, and aphenylenediamine-containing compound.

In one embodiment, the radical scavenger may include at least onecompound represented by one selected from Formulae A4-1 to 4-3:

In Formulae A4-1 to A4-3,

ring Ar₁ may be a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring,

L₁₀ and L₂₀ may each independently be —O—, —S—, S(═O)₂—, —C(═O)—,—C(═O)O—, —C(═O)NH—, a C₁-C₃₀ hydrocarbon group, a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclicgroup, or a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group,

m10 and m20 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, wherein,when m10 is two or more, two or more L₁₀(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other, and when m10 is 0, L₁₀ may be a single bond,and when m20 is two or more, two or more L₂₀(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other, and when m20 is 0, L₂₀ may be a single bond,

R₅₀, R₅₁, R₆₀, R₆₁, R₆₂, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

a50 may be an integer from 1 to 6,

a60 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

a70 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

when a50 is two or more, two or more R₆₀(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other,

when a60 is two or more, two or more R₆₀(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other,

when a70 is two or more, two or more R₇₀(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁) and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁) and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independentlybe selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a terphenylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substitutedwith a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae A4-1 to A4-3,

L₁₀ and L₂₀ may each independently be selected from:

—O—, —S—, S(═O)₂—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)O—, and —C(═O)NH—;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a -phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁Calkyl group₁₀, a phenyl group substituted with —F,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂).

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae A4-1 to A4-3,

one of L₁₀ and L₂₀ may be selected from:

a C₆-C₃₀ alkylene group, a C₆-C₃₀ alkenylene group, and a C₆-C₃₀alkynylene group; and

a C₆-C₃₀ alkylene group, a C₆-C₃₀ alkenylene group, and a C₆-C₃₀alkynylene group, each substituted with at least one substituentselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),or

one of R₅₀, R₅₁, R₆₀, R₆₁, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ may be selected from:

a C₆-C₃₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₃₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₃₀ alkenyl group, anda C₆-C₃₀ alkynyl group; and

a C₆-C₃₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₃₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₃₀ alkenyl group, anda C₆-C₃₀ alkynyl group, each substituted with at least one substituentselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃).

In one embodiment, at least one selected from L₁₀, L₂₀, R₅₀, R₅₁, R₆₀,R₆₁, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ may include a hydrocarbon chain consisting of six ormore carbon atoms, thereby improving miscibility with other constituentsin the thin film encapsulation.

In one embodiment, the radical scavenger may include at least onecompound represented by one selected from Formulae A5-1 to A5-4:

In Formulae A5-1 to A5-4,

R₅₁ to R₅₃, R₆₁ to R₆₆, and R₇₁ to R₇₆ may each independently beselected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, and

L₁₀ and L₂₀ are each independently the same as described above.

The phenol-containing compound may be butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA),butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), propylgallate (PG), catecol(1,2-benzenediol), 1,2-naphthalenediol, or thelike.

The hindered amine-containing compound may bebis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,bis-(N-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl-tridecyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,tetrakis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,tetrakis-(N-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,or the like.

The phenylenediamine-containing compound may be o-phenylenediamine,m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, or the like; oro-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, or p-phenylenediamine, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

In one embodiment, the amount of the radical scavenger may be in a rangeof about 0.5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on 100parts by weight of the UV absorbent. When the amount of the radicalscavenger is within this range, the optical stability of the thin filmencapsulation due to the radical scavenger is high so that the thin filmencapsulation effectively protects the organic light-emitting devicefrom ultraviolet rays. When the amount of the radical scavenger is lessthan about 0.5 parts by weight, the optical stability of the thin filmencapsulation may not be sufficiently secured, and when the amount ofthe radical scavenger exceeds 20 parts by weight, the transmittance ofthe thin film encapsulation in a visible ray region may be hindered, andthe luminescent efficiency of the organic light-emitting device (forexample, a blue organic light-emitting device having a maximum emissionwavelength of about 430 nm to about 460 nm) may be hindered.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may further include amatrix resin, and the UV absorbent may be dispersed in the matrix resin.At this time, the UV absorbent may be simply dispersed in the matrixresin. Alternatively, the UV absorbent may be cross-linked to the matrixresin. For example, the UV absorbent may include the polymericfunctional group, and the UV absorbent may be cross-linked to the matrixresin.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may further include aphotopolymerization initiator. The photopolymerization initiator may useany suitable one available in the art without any special limitation,and may use those that are curable at a wavelength of, for example,about 360 nm to about 420 nm.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may further includeat least two types (or kinds) of the photopolymerization initiator. Forexample, one of the at least two types (or kinds) of thephotopolymerization initiator may be curable in a UV region (at awavelength of, for example, about 360 nm to about 420 nm), and the othermay be curable in a visible ray region (for example, at a wavelength of,for example, about 400 nm to about 770 nm). In one or more embodiments,the at least two types (or kinds) of the photopolymerization initiatormay be all curable in a UV region or a visible ray region.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may further includeat least one selected from a metal, a metal halide, a metal nitride, ametal oxide, a metal oxynitride, a silicon nitride, a silicon oxide, anda silicon oxynitride.

For example, the thin film encapsulation 300 may include at least oneselected from MgF₂, LiF, AlF₃, NaF, a silicon oxide, a silicon nitride,a silicon oxynitride, an aluminum oxide, an aluminum nitride, analuminum oxynitride, a titanium oxide, a titanium nitride, a tantalumoxide, a tantalum nitride, a hafnium oxide, a hafnium nitride, azirconium oxide, a zirconium nitride, a cerium oxide, a cerium nitride,a tin oxide, a tin nitride, and a magnesium oxide, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may include at leastone organic film. The at least one organic film may include a firstorganic film, and the UV stabilizing mixture may be included in thefirst organic film.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation (for example, the firstorganic film) including the UV stabilizing mixture may have atransmittance of about 10% or less (for example, 8%) with respect tolight having a wavelength of about 400 nm to about 410 nm (for example,405 nm).

In one or more embodiments, the thin film encapsulation (for example,the first organic film) including the UV stabilizing mixture may have atransmittance of about 80% (for example, 90% or more) with respect tolight having a wavelength of about 430 nm or more, and may have atransmittance of about 10% or less with respect to light having awavelength of about 405 nm or less.

In one embodiment, when the first organic film is exposed to an exposureamount of 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect to awavelength range of about 400 nm to about 410 nm is may be less than 5%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed to anexposure amount of about 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance withrespect to a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 405 nm may beless than 3%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a maximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm or lighthaving a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 410 nm with respectto an exposure amount of about 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittancewith respect to a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 410 nm maybe less than 5%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a maximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm or lighthaving a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 410 nm in an exposureamount of about 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect toa wavelength range of about 400 nm to 405 nm may be less than 3%.

The change in transmittance in the above wavelength range may bemeasured by, for example, exposing the first organic film by using anLED lamp emitting light having a wavelength range of about 380 nm toabout 410 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm.

In one embodiment, a thickness of the first organic film may be in arange of about 10 nm to about 20 μm, for example, about 10 nm to about10 μm.

In one embodiment, the amount of the UV stabilizing mixture may be in arange of about 3 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on100 parts by weight of the first organic film. By controlling the amountof the UV stabilizing mixture in the first organic film, a maximumabsorption wavelength of the first organic film may be finely adjusted,and a UV absorption spectrum may be controlled.

For example, the at least one organic film may consist of the UVstabilizing mixture.

In one embodiment, the at least one organic film may further include, inaddition to the UV stabilizing mixture, the matrix resin, and the UVstabilizing mixture may be dispersed in the matrix resin. At this time,the UV stabilizing mixture may be simply dispersed in the matrix resin,or the UV stabilizing mixture may be cross-linked to the matrix resin.

In one embodiment, the first organic film may further include a matrixresin, and

the matrix resin may include at least one selected from an acryl-basedresin, a methacryl-based resin, an isoprene-based resin, a vinyl-basedresin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose resin,a perylene-based resin, an imide-based resin, and a silicone-basedresin.

In one embodiment, the at least one organic film may further include, inaddition to the UV stabilizing mixture, a photopolymerization initiator.The photopolymerization initiator is the same as described above.

In one embodiment, the at least one organic film may further include, inaddition to the UV stabilizing mixture, the matrix resin and thephotopolymerization initiator.

The at least one organic film may be formed in a set or predeterminedregion by using various suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition,spin-coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), inkjet printing, laserprinting, or laser induced thermal imaging (LITI). The number andthickness of organic films may be appropriately selected by taking intoaccount productivity or device characteristics.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation may further include atleast one inorganic film, and the at least one inorganic film mayfurther include a first inorganic film.

In one embodiment, the inorganic film may include at least one selectedfrom a metal, a metal halide, a metal nitride, a metal oxide, a metaloxynitride, a silicon nitride, a silicon oxide, and a siliconoxynitride.

For example, the inorganic film may include at least one selected fromMgF₂, LiF, AlF₃, NaF, a silicon oxide, a silicon nitride, a siliconoxynitride, an aluminum oxide, an aluminum nitride, an aluminumoxynitride, a titanium oxide, a titanium nitride, a tantalum oxide, atantalum nitride, a hafnium oxide, a hafnium nitride, a zirconium oxide,a zirconium nitride, a cerium oxide, a cerium nitride, a tin oxide, atin nitride, and a magnesium oxide, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

The at least one inorganic film may be formed in a set or predeterminedregion by using various suitable methods, such as chemical vapordeposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD),sputtering, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or thermal evaporation. Thenumber and thickness of inorganic films may be appropriately selected bytaking into account productivity or device characteristics.

In one embodiment, the at least one organic film may include a firstorganic film, the at least one inorganic film may include a firstinorganic film, the first organic film may be disposed between theorganic light-emitting device 200 and the first inorganic film. Forexample, the at least one organic film may include a first organic film,the at least one inorganic film may include a first inorganic film, andthe first organic film and the second inorganic film may be sequentiallystacked from the organic light-emitting device 200 in this stated order.It should be understood that the term “sequentially stacked” does notexclude that another film is disposed between the organic light-emittingdevice 200 and the first organic film, and/or between the first organicfilm and the first inorganic film.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film, the at least one inorganic film may include a firstinorganic film, and the first inorganic film may be disposed between theorganic light-emitting device 200 and the first organic film. Forexample, the at least one organic film may include a first organic film,the at least one inorganic film may include a first inorganic film, andthe first inorganic film and the first organic film may be sequentiallystacked from the organic light-emitting device 200 in this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film, the at least one inorganic film may include a firstinorganic film and a second inorganic film, and the first inorganicfilm, the first organic film, and the second inorganic film may besequentially stacked from the organic light-emitting device 200 in thisstated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film and a second organic film, the at least one inorganicfilm may include a first inorganic film, and the first organic film, thefirst inorganic film, and the second organic film may be sequentiallystacked from the organic light-emitting device 200 in this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film and a second organic film, the at least one inorganicfilm may include a first inorganic film and a second inorganic film, andthe first inorganic film, the first organic film, and the secondinorganic film, and the second organic film may be sequentially stackedfrom the organic light-emitting device 200 in this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film and a second organic film, the at least one inorganicfilm may include a first inorganic film and a second inorganic film, andthe first organic film, the first inorganic film, the second organicfilm, and the second inorganic film may be sequentially stacked from theorganic light-emitting device 200 in this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film and a second organic film, the at least one inorganicfilm may include a first inorganic film and a second inorganic film, thefirst inorganic film, the second inorganic film, the first organic film,and the second organic film may be sequentially stacked from the organiclight-emitting device 200 in this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film and a second organic film, the at least one inorganicfilm may include a first inorganic film and a second inorganic film, andthe first organic film, the second organic film, the first inorganicfilm, and the second inorganic film may be sequentially stacked from theorganic light-emitting device 200 from this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film and a second organic film, the at least one inorganicfilm may include a first inorganic film, a second inorganic film, and athird inorganic film, the first inorganic film, the first organic film,the second inorganic film, the second organic film, and the thirdinorganic film may be sequentially stacked from the organiclight-emitting device 200 from this stated order.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may include afirst organic film, a second organic film, and a third organic film, theat least one inorganic film may include a first inorganic film and asecond inorganic film, the first organic film, the first inorganic film,the second organic film, the second inorganic film, and the thirdorganic film may be sequentially stacked from the organic light-emittingdevice 200 in this stated order, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto. The number of organic films andinorganic films, and the stacking order of the inorganic films and theorganic films may be appropriately modified according to the design.

The organic light-emitting display apparatus 10 may include a pluralityof organic light-emitting devices 200. In one embodiment, the organiclight-emitting display apparatus 10 may include: a substrate, an organicemission unit including a plurality of organic light-emitting devices200 on the substrate; and a thin film encapsulation 300 sealing theorganic emission unit, wherein the thin film encapsulation 300 includesa UV stabilizing mixture. The UV stabilizing mixture is the same asdescribed above.

For example, the thin film encapsulation 300 may include the UVstabilizing mixture and may further include, in addition to the UVstabilizing mixture, a matrix resin. The matrix resin is the same asdescribed above.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may further include,in addition to the UV stabilizing mixture, a metal, a metal halide, ametal nitride, a metal oxide, a metal oxynitride, a silicon nitride, asilicon oxide, and a silicon oxynitride.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may include at leastone organic film and at least one inorganic film, and the at least oneorganic film may include the UV absorbent. The at least one organic filmand the at least one inorganic film are the same as described above.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides a method of manufacturing anelectronic apparatus, including:

forming an organic light-emitting device on a substrate; and

forming a thin film encapsulation sealing the organic light-emittingdevice on the substrate,

wherein the forming of the thin film encapsulation includes providing athin film encapsulation composition sealing the organic light-emittingdevice and curing the thin film encapsulation composition,

the thin film encapsulation composition includes a UV stabilizingmixture, and

the UV stabilizing mixture includes a UV absorbent and a radicalscavenger.

The thin film encapsulation, the UV stabilizing mixture, the UVabsorbent, and the radical scavenger are the same as described above.When the electronic apparatus is manufactured according to theabove-described method, external UV rays are blocked from reaching theorganic light-emitting device, thereby preventing a damage fromoccurring when the organic light-emitting device is continuously exposedto the UV rays (or reducing a likelihood or degree of such damage), andimproving the durability of the organic light-emitting device and theelectronic apparatus including the same.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation composition may furtherinclude a matrix resin monomer and a photopolymerization initiator.

The matrix resin monomer may form a matrix resin included in the thinfilm encapsulation by photopolymerization. For example, the matrix resinmonomer may undergo a photopolymerization reaction by thephotopolymerization initiator to form the matrix resin included in thethin film encapsulation. The photopolymerization initiator is the sameas described above.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus as one of electronic apparatuses according to anembodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, a backplane is formed. The backplane may beunderstood as including at least a substrate 100, a plurality of firstelectrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B on the substrate 100, and a pixeldefining film 180 formed to expose at least a portion including thecentral portions of the first electrodes 210R, 210G, and 2108. The pixeldefining film 180 may have a shape protruding from the first electrodes210R, 210G, and 210B in a +z direction with respect to the substrate100.

The first electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B may be understood as pixelelectrodes. A pixel electrode 210B, a pixel electrode 210R, and a pixelelectrode 210G among the pixel electrodes may be understood as a firstpixel electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode,respectively. This is because intermediate layers formed on the first tothird pixel electrodes may be different. For convenience, the terms“pixel electrode 210R”, “pixel electrode 210G”, and “pixel electrode210B” are used instead of the first pixel electrode, the second pixelelectrode, and the third pixel electrode. The pixel electrodes are thesame as described in connection with the first electrode.

The pixel defining film 180 may have an opening corresponding to eachsubpixel, that is, an opening exposing the central portions of the pixelelectrodes 210R, 210G, and 2108 or the entire pixel electrodes 210R,210G, and 210B, thereby defining pixels. In addition, the pixel definingfilm 180 may increase a distance between the ends of the pixelelectrodes 210R, 210G, and 2108 and the second electrode (notillustrated) on the pixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B, therebypreventing arc or the like from being generated at the ends of the pixelelectrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B (or reducing a likelihood or degree ofsuch arcing).

The backplane may further include, if necessary, other various suitablecomponents. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a thin filmtransistor TFT or a capacitor Cap may be formed on the 100. Thebackplane may include components, such as a buffer layer 110 forpreventing impurities from penetrating (or reducing a likelihood oramount of the impurities penetrating) a semiconductor layer of the thinfilm transistor TFT, a gate insulating film 130 for insulating thesemiconductor layer of the thin film transistor TFT from the gateelectrode, an interlayer insulating film 150 for insulating a sourceelectrode/drain electrode of the thin film transistor TFT and a gateelectrode, and a planarization film 170 covering the thin filmtransistor TFT and having an approximately flat upper surface.

After the backplane is formed, intermediate layers 220R, 220G, and 220Bare formed. The intermediate layers 220R, 220G, and 220B may have amulti-layered structure including an emission layer. In this case,unlike those illustrated, some of the intermediate layers 220R, 220G,and 220B may be a common layer approximately corresponding to the entiresurface of the substrate 100, and some of the intermediate layers 220R,220G, and 220B may be a pattern layer patterned corresponding to thepixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B.

After the intermediate layers 220R, 220G, and 220B, a second electrode230 is formed on the intermediate layers 220R, 220G, and 220B.

After the second electrode 230 is formed, a thin film encapsulation 300is formed so as to protect the organic light-emitting devices 200including the pixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B, the intermediatelayers 220R, 220G, and 220B, and the second electrode 230 fromimpurities such as external oxygen or moisture.

The thin film encapsulation 300 may extend to cover not only the uppersurface but also the side surfaces of the organic light-emitting device200 and contact part of the substrate 100. Therefore, it is possible toeffectively prevent external oxygen and moisture from penetrating theorganic light-emitting device 200 (or to reduce a likelihood or amountof the external oxygen and moisture that penetrates the organiclight-emitting device 200).

The thin film encapsulation 300 includes the UV stabilizing mixture.

[Heterocyclic Compound]

Another aspect of an embodiment provides a heterocyclic compoundrepresented by Formula B1.

The heterocyclic compound is represented by Formula B1:

(A₁)_(m1)-L₁-(A₂)_(m2)  Formula B1

L₁ in Formula B1 is an (m1+m2)-valent C₂-C₂₀ organic group that links A₁and A₂.

In one embodiment, L₁ may be a group represented by Formula B2:

*—(X₁)_(n1)-L₁₁-(X₂)_(n2)—*′.  Formula B2

In Formula B1, X₁ and X₂ may each independently be a single bond, —O—,—S—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)O—, *—CONH—, or —NHC(═O)NH—,

L₁₁ may be selected from:

a C₂-C₁₂ alkylene group, a C₂-C₁₂ alkenylene group, and a C₂-C₁₂alkynylene group; and

a C₂-C₁₂ alkylene group, a C₂-C₁₂ alkenylene group, and a C₂-C₁₂alkynylene group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

n1 and n2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3,

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

—NHC(═O)NH— has the following structure:

In the above structure, * and *′ each indicate a binding site to aneighboring atom.

In one embodiment, L₁ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B2-1 to B2-5:

In Formulae B2-1 to B2-5,

L₁₁ is the same as described herein, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, L₁₁ may be an ethylene group, a propylene group, abutylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group,an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decanylene group, an undecylenegroup, and a dodecylene group; and

an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylenegroup, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, anonylene group, a decanylene group, an undecylene group, and adodecylene group, each substituted with at least one substituentselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

In Formula B1, A₁ may be a UV-absorbing group.

In one embodiment, A₁ may include at least one group selected from ahydroxybenzophenone-containing group, a benzoquinone-containing group,an anthraquinone-containing group, a xanthone-containing group, abenzotriazine-containing group, a benzotriazinone-containing group, abenzotriazole-containing group, a benzoate-containing group, acyanoacrylate-containing group, a triazine-containing group, anoxanilide-containing group, a salicylate-containing group, and apyrene-containing group.

The benzophenone-continuing group may include, for example,2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone,2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octylbenzophenone,4-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-benzyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone,2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone,2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, or the like.

The benzoquinone-containing group may include, for example,2-hydroxybenzoquinone.

The anthraquinone-containing group may include, for example,1-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1,5-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxyanthraquinone, or the like.

The benzotriazole-containing group may include, for example,2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole,2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(3,5-di-t-acyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-t-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, or the like.

The benzoate-containing group may include, for example, phenyl2-hydroxybenzoate,2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-3′,5′-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, or the like.

The triazine-containing group may include, for example,2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenol,2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-(hexyl)oxy-phenol,2-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

The salicylate-containing group may include, for example,phenylsalicylate, 4-t-butylphenylsalicylate, or the like.

In an embodiment, A₁ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B3-1 to B3-3:

In Formulae B3-1 to B3-3,

CY₁ and CY₂ may each independently be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, an anthracene group, a pyrene group, and aphenanthrene group,

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

R₁ and R₂ may optionally be linked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linking group,wherein Y₁ may be —O—, —S—, or —C(═O), and k1 may be an integer from 1to 3,

one of Y₂ and Y₃ may be N, and the other may be a single bond, a doublebond, or —C(═O),

R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, and R₄₀ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

b10 may be an integer from 1 to 7,

b20 may be an integer from 1 to 3,

b30 and b40 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 4,

at least one R₁₀, at least one R₂₀, and at least one R₃₀ may eachindependently be a hydroxyl group,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁) and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁) and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independentlybe selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a terphenylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substitutedwith a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, in Formulae B3-1 to B3-3,

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, and

R₁ and R₂ may be linked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linking group, wherein—(Y₁)_(k1)— may be —O—, —S— or —C(═O)—.

For example, R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂ o alkoxy group, and

R₁ and R₂ may be linked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linking group, wherein—(Y₁)_(k1)— may be —O—, —S— or —C(═O)—.

In one embodiment, in Formulae B3-1 to B3-3, R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, and R₄₀ mayeach independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

For example, R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, and R₄₀ may each independently be selectedfrom:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

In one embodiment, A₁ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B4-1 to B4-30:

In Formulae B4-1 to B4-30,

R₃, R₄, and R₁₁ to R₁₈ are the same as described in connection with R₁₀,

a16 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

b16 may be 1 or 2,

b17 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

c15 may be 1 or 2,

c16 may be 1, 2, or 3,

c17 may be 1 or 2,

R₂₁ to R₂₃ are the same as described in connection with R₂₀,

R₃₁ to R₃₅ are the same as described in connection with R₃₀,

R₄₁ to R₄₄ are the same as described in connection with R₄₀,

at least one of R₁₁ to R₁₈, at least one of R₂₁ to R₂₃, and at least oneof R₃₁ to R₃₅ may be a hydroxyl group, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, at least one R₁₁, R₁₅, and R₁₈ in Formulae B4-1 toB4-26 may be a hydroxyl group. For example, R₁₁ may be a hydroxyl group,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₁ in Formula B4-27 may be a hydroxylgroup.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of R₃₁ and R₃₅ in FormulaeB4-28 to B4-30 may be a hydroxyl group. For example, R₃₁ may be ahydroxyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

In one embodiment, A₁ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B5-1 or B5-2:

In Formulae B5-1 and B5-2,

R₁₄, R₁₅, and R₁₆ are each independently the same as described inconnection with R₁₀, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In Formula B1, A₂ may be a radical-scavenging group.

In one embodiment, A₂ may include at least one compound selected from aphenol-containing compound, a hindered amine-containing compound, and aphenylenediamine-containing compound.

The phenol-containing compound may be BHA, BHT, TBHQ, PG,catecol(1,2-benzenediol), 1,2-naphthalenediol, or the like.

The hindered amine-containing compound may bebis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,bis-(N-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl-tridecyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,tetrakis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,tetrakis-(N-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,or the like.

The phenylenediamine-containing compound may be o-phenylenediamine,m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, or the like; oro-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, or p-phenylenediamine, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

In one embodiment, A₂ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B6-1 to B6-3:

In Formulae B6-1 to B6-3,

Ar₁ may be a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring,

R₅₀, R₆₀, R₆₁, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ may each independently be selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

b50 may be an integer from 1 to 6,

b60 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

b70 may be an integer from 1 to 3,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁) and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independentlybe selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a terphenylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substitutedwith a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, R₅₀, R₆₀, R₆₁, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ may each independentlybe selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

In one embodiment, R₅₀, R₆₀, R₆₁, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ may each independentlybe selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

In one embodiment, A₂ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B7-1 to B7-3:

In Formulae B7-1 to B7-3,

R₅₁, R₅₂, and R₅₃ are each independently the same as described inconnection with R₅₀,

R₆₁ to R₆₆ are each independently the same as described in connectionwith R₆₀,

R₇₁ to R₇₄ are each independently the same as described in connectionwith R₇₁ to R₇₄,

R₇₅ and R₇₆ are each independently the same as described in connectionwith R₇₀, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, A₂ may be a group represented by one selected fromFormulae B8-1 to B8-12:

In Formulae B8-1 to B8-12,

R₆₁, R₇₅, and R₇₆ are each independently the same as described inconnection with R₆₁, R₇₅, and R₇₆ above, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In Formula B1, m1 may be an integer from 1 to 3, and m2 may be aninteger from 1 to 3.

In one embodiment, in Formula B1, m1 may be 1, and m2 may be 1.

In one embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be selected fromCompounds 1 to 14:

In Compounds 1 to 14,

R₈₁ to R₈₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation composition may includethe heterocyclic compound.

The thin film encapsulation composition may include the heterocycliccompound and may further include a solvent.

The solvent may include, for example, di(meth)acrylate,di(meth)acryl-terminated silicon, and diepoxy-terminated silicon, eachincluding at least one selected from a C₁₀-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁₀-C₂₀alkoxy group, a C₁₀-C₂₀ alkenyl group, and a C₁₀-C₂₀ alkynyl group. Inaddition, the solvent may further include mono(meth)acrylate andmonoepoxy as a diluent.

In one or more embodiment, the solvent may have a visible transmittanceof about 70% or more.

The solvent may have a viscosity of about 5 cP to about 10,000 cP.

The thin film encapsulation composition may further include aphotoinitiator or a thermal initiator. As the photoinitiator or thethermal initiator, those available in the art may be used without anyspecial limitation.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation composition may includeat least two types (or kinds) of the heterocyclic compound.

For example, the thin film encapsulation may include a firstheterocyclic compound represented by Formula B1 and a secondheterocyclic compound represented by Formula B1, and a wavelength rangeof light absorbed by the first heterocyclic compound may be differentfrom a wavelength range of light absorbed by the second heterocycliccompound.

In one embodiment, when the thin film encapsulation composition includesat least two types (or kinds) of the heterocyclic compound, the thinfilm encapsulation formed by using the thin film encapsulationcomposition may have an average transmittance of about 10% or less in awavelength range of about 380 nm to about 400 nm, and have an averagetransmittance of about 60% or more in a wavelength range of about 400 nmto about 430 nm.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation composition may furtherinclude a matrix resin monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and asolvent.

For example, the thin film encapsulation composition may further includea matrix resin monomer. The matrix resin monomer may be a monomer forforming at least one of an acryl-based resin, a methacryl-based resin,an isoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, aurethane-based resin, a cellulose resin, a perylene-based resin, animide-based resin, and a silicone-based resin.

In one embodiment, the matrix resin monomer may be a (meth)acryl-basedmonomer.

In one or more embodiments, the thin film encapsulation composition mayfurther include a photopolymerization initiator. As thephotopolymerization initiator, suitable ones available in the art may beused without any special limitation. For example, a photopolymerizationinitiator that is curable at a wavelength of about 360 nm to about 420nm may be used.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation composition may furtherinclude at least two types (or kinds) of the photopolymerizationinitiator. For example, one of the at least two types (or kinds) of thephotopolymerization initiator may be curable in a UV region (at awavelength of, for example, about 360 nm to about 420 nm), and the othermay be curable in a visible ray region (at a wavelength of, for example,about 400 nm to about 770 nm). In one or more embodiments, the at leasttwo types (or kinds) of the photopolymerization initiator may be allcurable in a UV region or a visible ray region.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation composition may furtherinclude a matrix resin monomer and a photopolymerization initiator.

The matrix resin monomer may form a matrix resin included in the thinfilm encapsulation by photopolymerization. For example, the matrix resinmonomer may undergo a photopolymerization reaction by thephotopolymerization initiator to form the matrix resin included in thethin film encapsulation. The photopolymerization initiator is the sameas described above.

In addition, as described above, another aspect of an embodimentprovides an electronic apparatus including:

a substrate;

an organic light-emitting device on the substrate; and

a thin film encapsulation sealing the organic light-emitting device,

wherein the thin film encapsulation includes the heterocyclic compound.

The electronic apparatus in which the thin film encapsulation includesthe heterocyclic compound may be, for example, an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited to the organic light-emitting display apparatus. The descriptionof the electronic apparatus and the organic light-emitting displayapparatus may be understood by referring to the description providedwith reference to FIGS. 1-2. In this case, for example, the heterocycliccompound may be used instead of the UV stabilizing mixture.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may include at leasttwo types (or kinds) of the heterocyclic compound.

For example, the thin film encapsulation may include a firstheterocyclic compound represented by Formula B1 and a secondheterocyclic compound represented by Formula B1, and a wavelength rangeof light absorbed by the first heterocyclic compound may be differentfrom a wavelength range of light absorbed by the second heterocycliccompound.

In one embodiment, when the thin film encapsulation includes at leasttwo types (or kinds) of the heterocyclic compound, an averagetransmittance in a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 400 nm maybe about 10% or less, and an average transmittance in a wavelength rangeof about 400 nm to about 430 nm may be about 60% or more.

The heterocyclic compound may absorb ultraviolet rays and prevent theultraviolet rays from penetrating the organic light-emitting device 200(or reduce a likelihood or amount of the ultraviolet rays that penetratethe organic light-emitting device 200). Therefore, the organiclight-emitting display apparatus 10 in which the thin film encapsulation300 includes the heterocyclic compound may prevent an emission layer, aninsulating film or the like, including an organic material, from beingdamaged by the ultraviolet rays (or may reduce a likelihood or degree ofsuch damage).

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation 300 may include at leastone organic film, the at least one organic film may include a firstorganic film, and the first organic film may include the heterocycliccompound.

In one embodiment, the thin film encapsulation (for example, the firstorganic film) including the heterocyclic compound may have atransmittance of about 10% or less (for example, 8%) with respect tolight having a wavelength of about 400 nm to about 410 nm (for example,405 nm).

In one or more embodiments, the thin film encapsulation (for example,the first organic film) including the heterocyclic compound may have atransmittance of about 80% or more (for example 90%) with respect tolight having a wavelength of about 430 nm or more, and may have atransmittance of about 10% or less with respect to light having awavelength of about 405 nm or less.

In one embodiment, when the first organic film is exposed to lighthaving a maximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm in an exposureamount of about 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect toa wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 410 nm may be less thanabout 5%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a maximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm in anexposure amount of about 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance withrespect to a wavelength range of about 400 nm to 405 nm may be less thanabout 3%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a maximum emission wavelength in an exposure amount ofabout 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect to awavelength range of about 400 nm to 405 nm may be less than about 1%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 410 nm and amaximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm in an exposure amount ofabout 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect to awavelength range of about 400 nm to about 410 nm may be less than about5%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 410 nm and amaximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm in an exposure amount ofabout 52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect to awavelength range of about 400 nm to about 405 nm may be less than about3%.

In one or more embodiments, when the first organic film is exposed tolight having a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 410 nm and amaximum wavelength range of about 405 nm in an exposure amount of about52,000 Wh/m², a change in transmittance with respect to a wavelengthrange of about 400 nm to about 405 nm may be less than about 1%.

The change in transmittance with respect to the above wavelength rangemay be measured by, for example, exposing the first organic film byusing an LED lamp emitting light having a wavelength range of about 380nm to about 410 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of about 405 nm.

In one embodiment, a thickness of the first organic film may be in arange of about 10 nm to about 20 μm, for example, about 10 nm to about10 μm.

In one embodiment, the amount of the heterocyclic compound may be in arange of about 3 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on100 parts by weight of the first organic film. By controlling the amountof the heterocyclic compound in the first organic film, a maximumabsorption wavelength of the first organic film may be finely adjusted,and a UV absorption spectrum may be controlled.

For example, the at least one organic film may consist of theheterocyclic compound.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may furtherinclude, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, a matrix resin, andthe heterocyclic compound may be dispersed in the matrix resin. At thistime, the heterocyclic compound may be simply dispersed in the matrixresin, or the heterocyclic compound may be cross-linked to the matrixresin.

In one embodiment, the first organic film may further include a matrixresin, and

the matrix resin may include at least one of acryl-based resin, amethacryl-based resin, an isoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, anepoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose resin, aperylene-based resin, an imide-based resin, and a silicone-based resin.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may furtherinclude, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, a photopolymerizationinitiator. The photopolymerization initiator is the same as describedabove.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one organic film may furtherinclude, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, the matrix resin andthe photopolymerization initiator.

Another aspect of an embodiment provides a method of manufacturing anelectronic apparatus, the method including:

forming an organic light-emitting device on a substrate; and

forming a thin film encapsulation sealing the organic light-emittingdevice on the substrate,

wherein the forming of the thin film encapsulation includes providing athin film encapsulation composition sealing the organic light-emittingdevice and curing the thin film encapsulation composition, and

the thin film encapsulation composition includes the heterocycliccompound.

The thin film encapsulation, the heterocyclic compound, and the thinfilm encapsulation composition are the same as described above. When theelectronic apparatus is manufactured according to the above-describedmethod, external UV rays are blocked from reaching the organiclight-emitting device, thereby preventing a damage from occurring whenthe organic light-emitting device is continuously exposed to the UV rays(or reducing a likelihood or degree of such damage), and improving thedurability of the organic light-emitting device and the electronicapparatus including the same.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,” as used herein, refers to a linear orbranched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, atert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group.The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalentgroup having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at a main chain(e.g., in the middle) or at a terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, andexamples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and abutenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group,” as used herein,refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure asthe C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at a main chain(e.g., in the middle) or at a terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, andexamples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. Theterm “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalentgroup having substantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalentgroup represented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group),and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,” as used herein refers to amonovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbonatoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutylgroup, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to adivalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,” as used herein, refers to amonovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected fromN, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, andexamples thereof include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, atetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term“C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,” as used herein, refers to a divalentgroup having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at leastone carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity(e.g., the ring and/or entire group is not aromatic), and examplesthereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and acycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,” as usedherein, refers to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Non-limitingexamples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, anda 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having substantiallythe same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group,” as used herein, refers to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms,and a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group havinga carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limitingexamples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, anda chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylenegroup each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to eachother (e.g., combined together).

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,” as used herein, refers to amonovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom,in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclicaromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si,P, and S as a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group include a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. Whenthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group eachinclude two or more rings, the rings may be condensed with each other(e.g., combined together).

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,” as used herein, refers to —OA₁₀₂(wherein A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio groupused herein indicates —SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as usedherein, refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbonatoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other (e.g.,combined together), only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and noaromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the entire group isnot aromatic). An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a divalent grouphaving substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” asused herein, refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other (e.g.,combined together), at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P,and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and noaromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the entire moleculeis not aromatic). An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as used herein, refersto a divalent group having substantially the same structure as themonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms in which aring-forming atom is a carbon atom only. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupmay be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclicgroup. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a ring, such as benzene, amonovalent group, such as a phenyl group, or a divalent group, such as aphenylene group. In one or more embodiments, depending on the number ofsubstituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group(e.g., a tetravalent group).

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,” as used herein, refers to a grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,except that as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S is used in addition to carbon (the number ofcarbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60).

At least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph” as used herein represents a phenyl group, the term “Me” asused herein represents a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinrepresents an ethyl group, the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t),” as usedherein, represents a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used hereinrepresents a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group” used herein refers to a “phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group. The “biphenyl group” is a “substitutedphenyl group” having a “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group” used herein refers to a “phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group. The “terphenyl group” is a “phenylgroup” having, as a substituent, a “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group.”

* and *′ used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to a bindingsite to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound according to embodiments and an organiclight-emitting device according to embodiments will be described in moredetail with reference to Examples. The expression “B was used instead ofA” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an identical number(or substantially identical number) of molar equivalents of A was usedin place of molar equivalents of B.

EXAMPLES Example 1-1

An electronic apparatus including a thin film encapsulation sealing anorganic light-emitting device on a substrate was manufactured. The thinfilm encapsulation was formed by using a thin film encapsulationcomposition including benzophenone as a UV absorbent and1,2-naphthalenediol as a radical scavenger.

Comparative Example 1-1

A thin film encapsulation sealing an organic light-emitting device on asubstrate was formed by using a thin film encapsulation composition insubstantially the same manner as Example 1-1, except that benzophenonewas used instead of a UV absorbent and a radical scavenger was not used.

Evaluation Example 1

An initial transmittance of the thin film encapsulation of each of theelectronic apparatuses manufactured according to Example 1-1 andComparative Example 1-1 and a transmittance after exposure with anexposure amount of 52,000 Wh/m² for 30 minutes (“transmittance afterexposure”) were measured, and results thereof are shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 3, in the electronic apparatus according to Example1-1, the time necessary for the transmittance of the thin filmencapsulation to increase is longer, as compared with ComparativeExample 1-1, and thus, it is confirmed that photocuring resistance isexcellent. For example, regarding a wavelength of 405 nm, since theelectronic apparatus of Comparative Example 1-1 has an initialtransmittance of about 2% and a transmittance after exposure of about8%, a change in transmittance (a value obtained by subtracting aninitial transmittance from a transmitted amount after exposure) is about6%, and transmittance is increased four-fold by 30-minute exposure. Incontrast, regarding a wavelength of 405 nm, since the electronicapparatus of Example 1-1 has an initial transmittance of about 3% and atransmittance after exposure of about 6%, the change in transmittance issmall, as compared with Comparative Example 1-1.

Therefore, an organic light-emitting display apparatus including a UVstabilizing mixture in an encapsulation may prevent an emission layer,an insulating film, or the like, including an organic material, frombeing damaged by ultraviolet rays (or may reduce a likelihood or degreeof such damage).

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 14

As solvents and reagents used for synthesis, commercially availablereagents were purchased and used, and those not written were used aspurchased.

¹H-NMR analysis was performed at 25° C. by using a 400 MHz NMRspectrometer, and DMSO-d₆ was used as a solvent. Chemical Shift wasrepresented by δ unit (parts per million (ppm)) with reference to δ_(H)2.50 of CHD₂(CD₃)SO.

3-(3-(2H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-5-(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoicacid (2 mmol), 4-hydroxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine (2.4 mmol),N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt,anhydrous) (2.88 mmol), and diisopropylcarbodiimide (2.88 mmol) wereadded to 50 mL of dried dimethylchloride solvent and stirred at roomtemperature. After the reaction was completed, water and ethylacetatewere added to the product to extract an organic layer. The organic layerwas washed three times by using saturated sodium chloride aqueoussolution. Only the extracted organic layer was collected and dried byusing magnesium sulfate. Then, the product was purified and separated byflash column chromatography (ethylacetate:n-hexane=9:1), and a solventwas removed through vacuum drying, thereby obtaining a white solidCompound 14 (final yield: 78%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 11.25 (br. S, 1H), 8.00-8.20 (m, 2H),7.95 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.5-07.67 (m, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.8(m, 1H), 2.87 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H),1.80-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.27 (s, 12H).

Example 2-1

An electronic apparatus including a thin film encapsulation sealing anorganic light-emitting device on a substrate was manufactured. The thinfilm encapsulation was formed by using a thin film encapsulationcomposition including Compound 14 synthesized in Synthesis Example 1.

Comparative Example 2-1

A thin film encapsulation sealing an organic light-emitting device on asubstrate was formed in substantially the same manner as Example 1,except that Compound A was used instead of Compound 14.

Comparative Example 2-2

A thin film encapsulation sealing an organic light-emitting device on asubstrate was formed in substantially the same manner as Example 2-1,except that a mixture in which Compound A and Compound B were mixed atan equivalent of 1:1 was used instead of Compound 14.

Evaluation Example 2

An initial transmittance (T₁) of the thin film encapsulation of each ofthe electronic apparatuses manufactured according to Example 2-1 andComparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and a transmittance after exposure inan exposure amount of 52,000 Wh/m² by LED lighting having a maximumemission wavelength of 405 nm (“transmittance after exposure (T₂)”) weremeasured, and results thereof are shown in FIG. 3.

In addition, with respect to an initial transmittance (T₁) of the thinfilm encapsulation of each of the electronic apparatuses manufacturedaccording to Example 2-1 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 and atransmittance after exposure (T₂), a transmittance variation (ΔT %) wascalculated as expressed in Equation 1, and is shown in Table 1.

Transmittance Variation (ΔT%)=Transmittance after Exposure (T ₂)−InitialTransmittance (T ₁)  Equation 1

TABLE 1 Change in transmittance at 405 nm (ΔT % @ 405 nm) Example 2-10.15% Comparative 3.50% Example 2-1 Comparative 4.50% Example 2-2

Referring to FIG. 4 and Table 1, in the electronic apparatus accordingto Example 2-1, there is almost no change in the initial transmittanceand the transmittance after exposure in the thin film encapsulation(change in transmittance: 0.15%), and photocuring resistance isexcellent, as compared with the electronic apparatuses according toComparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2.

Therefore, an organic light-emitting display apparatus including theheterocyclic compound in the encapsulation may prevent an emissionlayer, an insulating film or the like, including an organic material,from being damaged by ultraviolet rays and visible rays having a shortwavelength (or may reduce a likelihood or degree of such damage).

In one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting display apparatusmay prevent an emission layer, an insulating film, or the like,including an organic material, from being damaged by ultraviolet rays(or may reduce a likelihood or degree of such damage).

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should beconsidered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as available for other similar featuresor aspects in other embodiments.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, itcan be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element orlayer, or one or more intervening elements or layers may be present. Inaddition, it will also be understood that when an element or layer isreferred to as being “between” two elements or layers, it can be theonly element or layer between the two elements or layers, or one or moreintervening elements or layers may also be present.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the presentdisclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intendedto include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms“comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and “including,” when used inthis specification, specify the presence of the stated features,integers, acts, operations, elements, and/or components, but do notpreclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,integers, acts, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “atleast one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire listof elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar termsare used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and areintended to account for the inherent deviations in measured orcalculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill inthe art. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of thepresent disclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure.” As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may beconsidered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and“utilized,” respectively. Also, the term “exemplary” is intended torefer to an example or illustration.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include allsubranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recitedrange. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include allsubranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 andthe recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equalto or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0,such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitationrecited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitationssubsumed therein, and any minimum numerical limitation recited in thisspecification is intended to include all higher numerical limitationssubsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amendthis specification, including the claims, to expressly recite anysub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to thefigures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims,and equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A heterocyclic compound represented by FormulaB1:(A₁)_(m1)-L₁-(A₂)_(m2),  Formula B1 wherein, in Formula B1, L₁ is an(m1+m2)-valent C₂-C₂₀ organic group that links A₁ and A₂, A₁ is anultraviolet (UV)-absorbing group, A₂ is a radical-scavenging group, m1is an integer from 1 to 3, and m2 is an integer from 1 to
 3. 2. Theheterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein: L₁ is a group represented byFormula B2:*—(X₁)_(n1)-L₁₁-(X₂)_(n2)—*′,  Formula B2 wherein X₁ and X₂ are eachindependently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)O—, —CONH—, or—NHC(═O)NH—, L₁₁ is selected from: a C₂-C₁₂ alkylene group, a C₂-C₁₂alkenylene group, and a C₂-C₁₂ alkynylene group; and a C₂-C₁₂ alkylenegroup, a C₂-C₁₂ alkenylene group, and a C₂-C₁₂ alkynylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), n1 and n2 are eachindependently an integer from 1 to 3, Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independentlyselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group, and * and *′ each indicate a binding siteto a neighboring atom.
 3. The heterocyclic compound of claim 2, wherein:L₁ is a group represented by one formula selected from Formulae B2-1 toB2-5:

wherein, in Formulae B2-1 to B2-5, L₁₁ is the same as described in claim2, and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom. 4.The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein: A₁ comprises at least onegroup selected from a hydroxybenzophenone-containing group, abenzoquinone-containing group, an anthraquinone-containing group, axanthone-containing group, a benzotriazine-containing group, abenzotriazinone-containing group, a benzotriazole-containing group, abenzoate-containing group, a cyanoacrylate-containing group, atriazine-containing group, an oxanilide-containing group, asalicylate-containing group, and a pyrene-containing group.
 5. Theheterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein: A₁ is a group represented byone formula selected from Formulae B3-1 to B3-3:

wherein, in Formulae B3-1 to B3-3, CY₁ and CY₂ are each independentlyselected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group,a pyrene group, and a phenanthrene group, R₁ and R₂ are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), R₁ and R₂ are optionallylinked to form a —(Y₁)_(k1)— linking group, Y₁ is —O—, —S—, or —C(═O)—,k1 is an integer from 1 to 3, one of Y₂ and Y₃ is N and the otherthereof is a single bond, a double bond, or —C(═O)—, R₁₀, R₂₀, R₃₀, andR₄₀ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), b10 is an integer from 1 to 17, b20 is an integer from 1to 3, b30 and b40 are each independently an integer from 1 to 4, atleast one R₁₀, at least one R₂, and at least one R₃₀ are each a hydroxylgroup, at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substitutedC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, thesubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and thesubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group isselected from: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenylgroup; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and—P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ areeach independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aterphenyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupsubstituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, and *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 6. The heterocycliccompound of claim 2, wherein: A₁ is a group represented by a formulaselected from Formulae B4-1 to B4-30:

wherein, in Formulae B4-1 to B4-30, R₃, R₄, and R₁₁ to R₁₈ are the sameas described in connection with R₁₀ in claim 2, a16 is 1, 2, 3, or 4,b16 is 1 or 2, b17 is 1, 2, 3, or 4, c15 is 1 or 2, c16 is 1, 2, or 3,c17 is 1 or 2, R₂₁ to R₂₃ are the same as described in connection withR₂₀ in claim 2, R₃₁ to R₃₅ are the same as described in connection withR₃₀ in claim 2, R₄₁ to R₄₄ are the same as described in connection withR₄₀ in claim 2, at least one of R₁₁ to R₁₈, at least one of R₂₁ to R₂₃,and at least one of R₃₁ to R₃₅ are each a hydroxyl group, and *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 7. The heterocycliccompound of claim 1, wherein: A₂ comprises at least one selected from aphenol-containing group, a hindered amine-containing group, and aphenylenediamine-containing group.
 8. The heterocyclic compound of claim1, wherein: A₂ is a group represented by one formula selected fromFormulae B6-1 to B6-3:

wherein, in Formulae B6-1 to B6-3, Ar₁ is a benzene ring or anaphthalene ring, R₅₀, R₆₀, R₆₁, and R₇₀ to R₇₄ are each independentlyselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), b50 is an integer from 1 to6, b60 is an integer from 1 to 4, b70 is an integer from 1 to 3, atleast one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selectedfrom: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, and a C₃-C₆₀ cyclo alkoxy group, each substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenylgroup; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and—P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ areeach independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cyclo alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aterphenyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupsubstituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, and *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 9. The heterocycliccompound of claim 8, wherein: A₂ is a group represented by one formulaselected from Formulae B7-1 to B7-3:

wherein, in Formulae B7-1 to B7-3, R₅₁, R₅₂, and R₅₃ are the same asdescribed in connection with R₅₀ in claim 8, R₆₁ to R₆₆ are the same asdescribed in connection with R₆₀ in claim 8, R₇₁ to R₇₄ are the same asdescribed in claim 8, R₇₅ and R₇₆ are the same as described inconnection with R₇₀ in claim 8, and * indicates a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 10. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein: theheterocyclic compound is selected from Compounds 1 to 14:

wherein, in Compounds 1 to 14, R₈₁ to R₈₃ are each independentlyselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.